Linux Open Source

Diposting oleh Admin di 17.41
Pada mulanya Linux adalah nama kernel atau jantung sistem operasi komputer yang dibuat pertama kali oleh Linus Torvalds pada 1991. Linus mengizinkan siapa saja untuk menggunakan, mempelajari cara kerjanya, dan mendistribusikan Linux, dengan lisensi GNU GPL (General Public License) atau lebih terkenal dengan istilah Free Software.

Saat ini, nama Linux tidak hanya digunakan untuk menyebut kernel, namun juga sistem operasi yang lengkap. Bahkan Linux juga digunakan untuk menyebut distribusi (gabungan sistem operasi dan berbagai aplikasi) atau distro Linux. Contoh distro Linux urut abjad: BlankOn, CentOS, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Mandriva, Mint, Nusantara, openSUSE, RedHat, Slackware, Ubuntu, Xandros, dan lain-lain.
Richard Stallman, pendiri Yayasan Free Software, mengusulkan penulisan sistem operasi Linux adalah GNU/Linux atau GNU-Linux, karena sistem operasi Linux berisi kernel Linux dan beberapa program dari projek GNU. Ada yang tidak setuju dengan Stallman, karena ada program pada sistem operasi Linux yang bukan dari projek GNU.
Open Source adalah istilah untuk software yang source code-nya (kode programnya) disediakan oleh pengembangnya untuk umum (terbuka) agar dapat dipelajari cara kerjanya, diubah atau dikembangkan lebih lanjut, dan disebarluaskan. Jika pembuat program melarang orang lain untuk mengubah dan atau menyebarluaskan program buatannya, maka program itu bukan Open Source, meskipun tersedia kode programnya.
Open Source merupakan salah satu syarat free software. Free Software pasti Open Source Software, namun Open Source Software belum tentu Free Software. Contoh Free Software adalah Linux. Contoh Open Source Software adalah FreeBSD. Linux yang berlisensi Free Software tidak dapat diubah menjadi berlisensi tidak Free Software, sedangkan FreeBSD yang berlisensi Open Source Software BSD-like dapat diubah menjadi tidak Open Source. FreeBSD (Open Source) merupakan salah satu dasar untuk membuat Mac OSX (tidak Open Source). www.opensource.org/licenses memuat jenis-jenis lisensi Open Source.

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